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Finally, your project has the budget for a nice studio with a good microphone closet. When you get there, you want to make sure you are acquainted with common studio microphones so you make wise and informed miking decisions when it's time to record.
Here is a casual rather than technical walkthrough of some microphones you are likely to encounter in any professional recording studio, and how to get the most out of them when the time comes. Plus: prepare for some eye-candy!
Note: if you like this tut, make sure to check out our guide to the 10 best affordable microphones for home recording!
This microphone is THE modern vocal mic. For many studios and engineers the U87 is the default microphone for voice over and vocals because it delivers a bright, punchy, and modern sound. But vocals are not all this microphone can do. Try it out on other acoustic sources such as upright bass, acoustic guitar, or as room mics. Its switchable polar patterns (cardiod, figure of eight, and omni) increase the mic’s versatility. Be warned though, the U87 has a fairly high output voltage, so use the microphone’s pad for loud sources.
Recommended Applications: Vocals, Voice Over, Acoustic Guitar, Upright Bass, Room mics.
This vintage microphone comes in two types: a tube circuit design and the more modern FET design. Both versions are excellent mics. The great thing about the U47 is that it sounds good on almost anything. Its sound is commonly described as warm, full, and round.
Recommended Applications: Vocals, Acoustic Guitar, Drum Overheads, Room mics.
This microphone has been released and re-released over the years because it is such a great workhorse. It has four switchable polar patterns (cardiod, hypercardiod, figure of eight, and omni), a 0-10-20db selectable pad, and a 0-75-150Hz low end rolloff filter.
The 414 sounds good on almost everything, but in my opinion it sounds great on only a few things. While some vocals and voice-overs sound fantastic on a 414, keep in mind that every person’s voice is different. So, if your standby vocal mic just isn’t working, don’t be afraid to try another. The 414's are great on toms, but watch out. Don’t let your drummer whack them and dent the screens!
Recommended Applications:
Vocals, Voice Over, Toms, Acoustic Guitar, Room mics.
The Royer R121 is a warm ribbon mic that sounds great on a lot of instruments. It is a figure of eight polar pattern, where the rear lobe is actually brighter than the front lobe. So, if you want a brighter sound, turn this baby around. The R121 is also designed to take high SPL levels so don’t be afraid to put this thing in front of a guitar amp.
Recommended Applications: Acoustic Guitar, Electric Guitar, Brass, Distant Room mics.
The Coles 4038 is another great ribbon microphone. The classic adjective for this mic is "smooth". Be warned though, if you are using these mics as drum overheads, don’t expect a bright, poppy, shiny cymbal sound. These mics are a little dark.
Recommended Applications: Brass, Drum Overheads, Piano, Jazz Vocal.
This mic started out as a broadcast standard but it has so many great applications other than voice. Proximity effect is no problem with this mic because of its design, which makes it great for novice singers, though it is a dynamic microphone and is not as bright as something like the U87.
The RE20 has a cardiod polar pattern and has excellent rejection. This makes it an ideal choice when you don’t have the luxury of iso-booths or good baffles. Try it on upright bass for woody, clear sound or on a bass drum.
Recommended Applications: Upright Bass, Bass Drum, Vocals.
The Shure SM57 is a good, cheap mic that all studios will have. Snare drum and Electric Guitar amps are this mic's forte. Be sure to check out the condition and age of the 57 though. The more worn this mic is, the less responsive the diaphragm becomes, and I have found that older 57s tend to have less high-end frequency response than newer ones.
Recommended Applications: Snare, Electric Guitar.
Most studios will have this combination of Schoeps body and capsule. Schoeps microphones are heavily used in classical recording because they have a very flat frequency response and are very transparent.
It will sound great on string instruments (violin, viola, and cello) and can be used for near or distant miking. Also, try it on piano for a big, clear sound. This mic really shines on-axis. Miking anything with this mic off axis will always sound less than stellar.
Recommended Applications:
Strings, Piano, Room mics (ORTF, X/Y, or M in a M/S).
The Neumann 140 is a great small diaphragm condenser microphone. It is made up of the Neumann KM100 body and the 40 cardiod capsule. These microphones have similar applications to the above mentioned Schoeps, but tend to be brighter because they have less low-frequency response and slight frequency bumps between 2-5kHz and 10khz. Put a stereo pair on piano for a big modern pop sound, or use them on solo strings (violin, viola, cello).
Recommended Applications: Piano, Strings, Acoustic Guitar, Upright Bass (neck).
This is another small diaphragm condenser that most studios have. I tend to think of this microphone and the Neumann KM84 as brothers. This bright little microphone is great as a spot mic. It can be used on acoustic guitar, piano, cymbals, percussion, and drum overheads. The newer version of this microphone is the 451B, which AKG claims to be acoustically identical to the 451E, but I just don’t hear it. If you have the choice, use the older 451E.
Recommended Applications: Cymbals, Percussion, Acoustic Guitar.
This microphone is close the AKG451E, but it's darker. Use it on the same things you would the 451, including acoustic guitar, cymbals, percussion, and piano. This mic really shines on strings as well. Like the 451, many studios have a newer version, in this case the KM184. The KM184 is a newer design with lower self noise (the KM84 is a little noisy), and it can be brighter in a bad way. If you have the choice, go with the KM84. And if you want a brighter sound, stick with the AKG 451E.
Recommended Applications: Strings, Acoustic Guitar, Piano, Upright Bass (neck).
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User Comments
( ADD YOURS )Craigsnedeker August 16th
Cool
( )Andrew August 16th
Aren’t you missing:
C12
U67
Elam251
RCA44
M49
I mean come on Re20, km140 and 451s have their uses, but I wouldn’t classify them anywhere remotely close to “the best”
( )John Hope August 16th
Just wondering why you dindn’t list the Rode NT1 which has replaced everywhere the U87 and which is rated even better than any Neumann mic.
( )Brent at Westside Studios L.A. May 5th
In Your Dreams, my friend. We did an A B test for voice-overs with the NT1 Rode and U87, the Rode is a good cheap immitation of the U87, but that’s all. it’s muddy. The polar switches lose DB when used, unlike the U 87. The only thing alike is the shape. When Neumann opened up the pattent after Sennheiser acquired the company, everyone went crazy with look-a-likes. If you can afford the U87, by god mate, GET ONE! If you can’t afford one, PUT IT ON A CREDIT CARD! You’ll be glad you did. Brent
( )Matthew M August 16th
I would have to comment on the U47/fet47 listing. Both amazing mics. The fet47 is actually one of my favorite mics out there. But they are really different from each other. They really shouldn’t be grouped together.
( )SomeAudioGuy August 16th
Great list!
I love the 414. Pretty much the SM57 of condensers. Other mics MIGHT sound better, but none move as seamlessly from source to source.
With all the small diaphragm mics (KM84 = double plus good), I’d just like to throw a vote in for the Senny MD421. It’s my fave dynamic, and a solid competitor for the RE20.
( )Stephen Schappler August 16th
@ John Hope
The Rode NT1 is a much more affordable large diaphragm condenser microphone, but a lot of professional studios tend to have higher end mics like the 87. I think I’ve only used an NT1 once, but I hear it is a good replacement for lower budgets.
@SomeAudioGuy
( )Man, I can’t believe I left out the 421! That mic is a great workhouse. A lot of people love them on toms, but I tend to think they can be a little tricky to get just right, and tend to have a lot of bleed. But I do love the 421 on guitar cabs (try it instead of a 57) and it also makes an interesting kick mic for smaller bass drums.
SomeAudioGuy August 16th
Hey John,
While the NT1a is a VERY good mic for it’s price, but I would never put in the same league as most of the mics on this page. The NT1a fills the niche of being one of the best budget mics you can buy, and is an exceptional value. The reason you move to a U87 isn’t because it’s ten times “better” but because you are looking for a specific kind of sound. The sound of a U87 has appealed to people for generations. The NT1a is tricky, since it hasn’t been around as long. It’s also a little “brighter” than the NT1 that came before it, so people aren’t as used to it.
It’s the main reason I prefer the 414 XLS, because to my ears it’s pretty honest. It tends not to “color” the sound as much as other mics (I don’t like the 414 TL II for example).
RODE has an incredible line up, but there is never just ONE mic to use. They’re like paint brushes or tools. You use the right tool for the right job.
( )Dboe August 16th
Good to know.
( )very August 16th
Very nice roundup! I hope to see similar articles about hardware in the future…
( )SomeAudioGuy August 16th
@Stephen
( )I’m a pretty recent convert to the 421 (just got my hands on an OLD MD421-U-5), and you’re right it is a little trickier to place properly than a 57. For being as “closed up” as the casing is, I thought it would be a bit more directional, so I was surprised to find it’s actually pretty wide (compared to the 57). I think I like the proximity sound on it better than the RE20, though I think the RE20 sounds more honest.
Brent at Westside Studios L.A. May 5th
The MD 421 has got to be the best dynamic mic made. It’s a great voice-over mic if you need a dynamic. I spent 29 years in L.A. as a union musician and 421s were a premeir mic on drums and tenor sax. We have 4 of them along with the U87 and Sennheiser 416, an incredible VO mic for commercials and movie trailers. The U87 for narration, Animation, ADR and women’s voices on commercials. Very warm and transparent. Don’t forget. High end mics, like Sennheisers, Neumann, AKG, Schoeps and Manley seem to signal process in post with out any nasty surprises. Particularly Neumanns. Senn MD 421 is a great choice. Cheers. Ryan WSS
( )nonz August 16th
the Royer is fantastic. we use it on just about everything except vocals and drums.
( )Stephen Schappler August 18th
@Andrew
Very true indeed. The original tut was actually called common professional studio mics. But I think the audiotuts editor changed the title when they decided to post the tut.
( )Graham Metcalfe August 20th
Any recommendations for brass or winds? Particularly alto sax and trumpet.
( )Col April 16th
SM57
every time i take one out i get that “i don’t know, don’t you have anything shinier?” look.
the results speak for themselves.
nice warm brass sound with good tongue sound - used in conjunction with a good condenser (I use a Shure KSM44) @ +/- 1m for added spit and roundness.
NB: remember 3:1 Rule.
( )Stephen Schappler August 20th
@ Graham
The Royer R121 sounds great on sax and trumpet and can take the SPL. The Coles 4038 also sounds great on trumpet, and the km84 works well on sax too.
( )woot February 14th
Any recommendations for brass or winds? Particularly alto sax and trumpet: 4038 is good
( )David Labuguen February 18th
What about the Sony C800G. I use it on vocals all the time, it really is the go-to mic for pop vocals, rap vocals, r&b vocals…. anything top 40 really!
( )Cookefan March 20th
Good Stuff!
( )Stevie Wonder used an ElectrovoiceRE20 for most of his Muisc of My Mind, Talking Book and Innervisions Albums. Its a great mic.
Brent at Westside Studios L.A. May 30th
Also, keep in mind when using different microphones in certain applications. It depends on the room. The room’s accoustics will somewhat, dictate the mic used as well as it’s placement. A dead booth or room, dead bright room, or live room. The same mic’s properties may sound different in each of these. Brent
( )Thomas June 5th
Blue bird Cardioid condenser??? :))) My favourite!!!!
( )